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KMID : 1094020110280010113
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Journal of Veterinary Clinics
2011 Volume.28 No. 1 p.113 ~ p.121
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Pathogenesis and Host Interaction of Foot-and-mouth Disease
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Park Jong-Hyeon
Lee Kwang-Nyeong
Kim Su-Mi
Ko Young-Joon
Lee Hyang-Sim
Cho In-Soo
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Abstract
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals including domesticated ruminants and pigs. Acute clinical signs may be mild in sheep and goats but are associated with lameness in pigs and mouth lesions with vesicles in cattle. The required condition for a successful pathogen appears to be the ability to counteract both the host innate and adaptive immune response. FMD virus (FMDV) inhibits the induction of antiviral molecules and interferes with the secretory pathway in the infected cell. The surface expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules is reduced in infected cells. Thus, the ability of the host to recognize and eliminate virus infected cells is decreased. Furthermore, FMDV infection results in a rapid, but transient lymphopenia, reducing the number of T and B cells, and affecting T cell function. The virus appears to premature apoptosis-mediated cell death because it has a very short replication cycle and is able to rapidly produce large amounts of virus. FMDV engages the host protective response at multiple steps to ensure its effective replication and pathogenesis. This review describes the recent pathological and immunological studies to overcome the powerful abilities of FMDV to counteract defense mechanism of host.
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KEYWORD
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Foot-and-mouth disease, pathogenesis, transmission, mechanism
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